12/30/2023 0 Comments Drywall sanding blocks![]() In addition to its dust-free features, this tool also comes with a vacuum adapter for 3/4" and 1" hoses. ![]() This makes it the perfect choice for anyone who wants to keep their work area clean and tidy. With its unique dust-free sanding capabilities, this tool ensures that you won't have to deal with pesky dust particles during your sanding projects. Looking for a reliable sanding tool that can help you achieve a dust-free sanding experience? Look no further than this versatile sanding accessory! Designed to work seamlessly with abranet or hook and loop paper, this tool is perfect for all your sanding needs. 3. Vacuum Hand Sanding Block Multi Hole Hook And Loop (2.75" X 5") ![]() ![]() Its abrasive grit is on all four sides, ensuring that you can make full use of the sponge and complete your sanding project in no time. This sanding tool is also incredibly versatile since it can be used wet or dry, depending on your preference or the type of sanding project at hand. Its extra flexibility allows you to sand difficult-to-reach areas with ease, ensuring that you achieve a smooth and polished finish on your surfaces. The product's flexibility is another standout feature that makes it the perfect sanding tool for irregular shapes, contours, and corners. The foam handle is designed to last long, ensuring that you can use this tool for multiple sanding projects without worrying about wear and tear. The handle of this sanding tool is made of high-density foam that is durable and lightweight, providing a cushioned sanding surface for exceptional comfort. Introducing a superior sanding tool for all your sanding needs! This product boasts of high-quality features that ensure excellent performance and ease of use. So, let's get started and discover the best sanding block for drywall! 10 Best Sanding Block For Drywall Have you ever spent hours sanding drywall and not getting the results you wanted? Are you tired of using sanding blocks that leave behind unsightly marks? Are you ready to find the best sanding block for your drywall needs? Look no further! In this article, we will explore what factors to consider when choosing a sanding block and help you find the perfect tool for all your drywall needs. While you want to invest in a high-quality product, you don't need to break the bank. Finally, consider the price of the sanding block. A sanding block with a variety of grits may be the best option, as it allows for versatility and ease of use. Different grits of sandpaper will produce different results, so it’s important to choose the right sandpaper for the job. When choosing the right sanding block, you should also consider the type and grit of the sandpaper that will be used with it. A high-quality sanding block should be made from high-quality materials that can withstand the wear and tear of regular use. Additionally, you should consider the durability and comfort of the sanding block. Whether it’s a heavily textured surface or a smoother finish, your sanding block should be able to handle the job without causing damage or leaving unsightly marks. The first and most important factor is the type of drywall surface you will be sanding. If you’re looking for the best sanding block for drywall, there are several factors to consider before making a purchase.
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12/30/2023 0 Comments Time out nyc december 2021![]() Nearly 100 pieces of art from their collection are now on view in a powerful and diverse show called " Making Their Mark: Art by Women in the Shah Garg Collection" in Chelsea (548 West 22nd Street). ![]() The organization champions artwork by women and seeks to remedy the imbalances facing marginalized artists. She decided to do something about that by founding the Shah Garg Foundation with her husband, Gaurav Garg. When Komal Shah starting collecting art more than a decade ago, she noticed something startling: "The art world does not treat women artists equally" compared to male artists. ![]() If you donate before December 16, you’ll receive a cozy Circle Line blanket to keep you warm and merry throughout your cruise. And guests are also to leave a gift inside the Toys for Tots donation box for families who may not be able to afford gifts during Christmas. At the bar, you’ll find cocktails inspired by those high-kicking Rockettes, including The Rockette-tini, a salted caramel martini boasting the flavors of the season, and the Kick Line, a Rockettes-twist on classic rum punch with a kick. Decked out with twinkling holiday lights, green garland, Christmas trees and other jolly decor, the festive -and heated!-boats will tour you around the Hudson River, taking in the stunning New York skyline as an informative guide shares fun facts about the city’s most iconic landmarks.įor this year’s edition of the seasonal cruise, Circle Line has collaborated with the Christmas Spectacular Starring the Radio City Rockettes and the New York Chapter of Toys for Tots. Sail into the holiday spirit aboard Circle Line’s Holiday Harbor Lights Cruise, running through all of December and until January 4. A mug of hot chocolate is included with each ticket, spiked if desired, with additional beverages available for purchase. If you want to brave the winter air, guests are welcome to venture to the open bow for truly sweeping city views.Įach group gets their own elegant table where you can enjoy the cruise with your loved ones and take plenty of photos. Don't worry, the boats are heated, so you can enjoy the view without the chill. No matter which cruise you pick, you'll be treated to spectacular skyline views within the glass observatory of the yachts. Prices range from $106-$148/adult, depending on the tour option. Tour offerings include a holiday brunch cruise, a holiday lights tour, a holiday jazz cruise with a live band, and a carols cruise with traditional hymns. The program is open to anyone, not just Greece residents.Cruise around Manhattan on a yacht decked out for the holidays with Classic Harbor Line's themed cruises. The mahogany-trimmed 1920s-style Manhattan II and Northern Lights motor yachts are trimmed in seasonal decor and ready to sail. For some of them, this is the outlet every week." We get anywhere form 60s all the way up to their 90s in terms of age. It's an opportunity for them to come and socialize with friends that they can see every week. “Time Out for Women gets their mind and their soul. ![]() “We try to engage them here at the community center in everything: their mind, their body, their soul,” Peter OBrien, Greece Parks & Recreation director. Program directors say the pandemic put things on pause and they're happy to be back. Time Out for Women brings in guest speakers every week on all kinds of topics from travel, to food to those with interesting jobs. She shared her experiences about what her job is like. Spectrum News 1 anchor Cristina Domingues recently had the chance to meet some wonderful women who enjoy the program through the town's Community Center. It's something the Town of Greece does through a special program called Time Out for Women. GREECE, N.Y. - One thing we learned during the pandemic is to appreciate the importance of being able to be together and enjoy one another in social settings. ![]() WebView2 uses Microsoft Edge as a rendering engine to display web-based features in a desktop application. For example, the Room Finder and the Meeting Insights features in Outlook. With a new UI, features, menu layout, and even scrolling behavior, this is a very different version of the current Edge beta build (Edge 46.) with advanced features like reading mode and full access to Edge://flags. Microsoft 365 Apps is starting to provide new or improved features that rely on Microsoft Edge WebView2. Edge View is a free Android app developed by DELTALABS STUDIO in the Personalization category. The unification also improves the engineering process. Download Microsoft Edge: AI browser APKs for Android - APKMirror Free and safe Android APK downloads. Edge View: Create Edge Effect on Your Android Screen. Microsoft aims to fix this, and to improve the efficiency of Edge's development across platforms, by unifying Edge codebases across platforms.By unifying codebases on different versions of Edge, Microsoft can more easily share features across desktop and mobile versions of Edge. We’ve also made some general bug fixes and performance improvements. As a result of this, you see things like Edge on Android being based on version 77 while Edge on the desktop is based on Edge 89. Thanks for using Microsoft Edge Here’s what’s new in this release: Sign in with a Microsoft Family account to get real-time web activity reporting, content filtering, and other secure features to help keep kids safe on mobile. For Google Play system updates, tap Google Play system update. For security updates, tap Security Update. Right now, Edge apps on mobile platforms are based on different codebases than the desktop version. To check if an update is available: Open your device’s Settings app. Microsoft plans to unify the codebases of Microsoft Edge across multiple operating systems. This version of the Edge browser – 91.0.858.0 – also matches the Windows 10 desktop version of Edge Canary, just as Microsoft promised. compatibility chart before installing a new iOS or Android OS version on your smart device and before. Microsoft Edge for Android just received an update to version 92. 4 NEW SLIGHT SECONDS SMOOTH WHITE GLOSS 15CM CERAMIC WALL TILES 4 Tile Trim. 4 GB RAM, 128 GB storage and Android updates guaranteed. However, the new-look Edge has consistently been gaining momentum since launch in early 2020 and the latest update could provide the perfect excuse for Android users to take the leap.Source: Daniel Rubino / Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Daniel Rubino / Windows Central) version of stone in a durable and affordable design Vinyl Peel and Stick. Predictably, data from Statcounter shows that the majority of Android users opt for Google Chrome, which holds 63% of the browser market across all major mobile operating systems. Vortex Cloud Gaming APK 2 0 1 Download for Android Full Version CRUSWINE V2. The process is almost identical on desktop, but the feature is located under the right-click dropdown menu. Text On Photo MOD APK v2 4 0 Latest Unlocked Apkmody Athena One provider. ![]() From here, select Share and Send to devices, which will bring up a menu containing all devices connected to the same Microsoft account. With Windows 7 Extended Security Update (ESU) and Windows 8/8.1 end of support on January 10 th, 2023, and Google Chrome ending support for Windows 7 and Windows 8/8.1, Microsoft Edge browser version 109 and WebView2 Runtime version 109 will be the last respective versions to support these operating systems. Learn how to begin and get your extensions onto the Edge Add-ons website. Microsoft Edge is built on Chromium and provides the best-in-class extension and web compatibility. The new release starts adding some experimental generative AI features like. The new Microsoft Edge is here and now available to download on all supported versions of Windows, macOS, iOS and Android. The new feature can be found under the three dots menu in Edge for Android. Google Chrome 121 was released in beta on December 7, 2023, and is slated to go live in stable on January 17, 2024. The ability to send tabs between devices via Edge will help users pick up where they left off, minimizing disruption when switching between devices or moving from the office to home, or any other working location. Meanwhile, the rise of hybrid working will mean the ability to switch between and work across multiple devices with ease will become ever more important for workers. Adsp pdf gratis download full version software Android daum. 12/30/2023 0 Comments Benefits of whole milk vs skimIn comparison, whole milk is not processed and contains its original dairy fat content. Nonfat, 1% and 2% milk are processed for a lower fat content. What differentiates this milk from others is the way it is produced. This milk is versatile in its uses and can be in sweet and savory dishes. This type of milk is often included in many recipes, from baked goods to pancakes, bread, yogurt, and mac and cheese. Talk to a registered dietitian, not social media influencers, for guidance on healthy eating, Clark recommends.Whole milk is a dairy option that generally contains about 3.5% fat content. So if you’re wanting to lose weight, look at eating fewer processed foods and choosing whole foods that are nutrient-dense, like milk. “The combination of nutrients - the protein and calcium and vitamin D - from milk seems to contribute to satiety, better body fat distribution and better health outcomes,” Clark says. ![]() Excess abdominal fat increases your risk of cardiovascular disease. Regular milk drinkers tend to have less fat around their waist. The scientific literature is there, but now the popular press is finally catching up with it.”Ĭlark says research shows that dairy fat helps with satiety, making you feel fuller longer so you eat fewer calories overall.ĭairy consumption also contributes to a trimmer body and healthier distribution of body fat, Clark says. “There are positive health outcomes of consuming dairy fat that have been realized in the last couple decades. “Dairy fat is not bad for you in moderation,” Clark explains. “If you look at the label of those (plant-based) products, you are going to see a long list of things added to those non-dairy beverages to try to get them as close as possible nutritionally as dairy,” she adds.Ī growing body of research also shows that the fat in milk and dairy foods doesn’t contribute to weight gain and is actually protective of overall heart health, Clark says. ![]() “If people care about natural, then they need to be thinking about dairy,” Clark says. Stephanie Clark, dairy food scientist at Iowa State University But you don't have to restrict (foods) so that you are unhappy.”ĭr. "You have to be conscious of your diet and exercise and be active. Real dairy milk’s nutrients are naturally more bioavailable, meaning that our bodies can absorb them more easily, she explains. However, these additives tend to sink to the bottom of the carton, Clark says. Plant-based beverages, such as almond drinks, are typically fortified with Vitamin D and calcium. Real milk naturally offers a complete package of nine essential nutrients, including high-quality protein, calcium and vitamins A and D, Clark explains. But you don’t have to restrict (foods) so that you are unhappy,” she adds. ![]() “You have to be conscious of your diet and exercise and be active. “The number of calories you get from milk is not the biggest source of calories in our diet. If you like whole (milk), drink whole,” Clark says. “If you like 2 percent (milk), drink 2 percent. And the latest research confirms that the fat in dairy and animal-based proteins doesn’t make us “fat” or increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, Clark says. Real dairy milk is one of the safest, most nutritious beverages available, Clark says. What’s more important is that you drink milk, at whatever fat level or flavor you like, she says. However, if you never liked the taste of non-fat or low-fat milk, then go ahead and choose reduced-fat or whole milk, says Stephanie Clark, a dairy food scientist at Iowa State University. Iowans recognize the nutritional benefits of real dairy milk. More than one-half of Iowa households consume milk daily, according to the 2018 Iowa Farm Bureau Food and Farm Index. If you’re like most Iowans, you don’t leave the grocery store without a gallon of milk in your cart. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Ona coffee wholesaleOnce you know exactly what the chatbot will be doing, you can move to the next step. Sketch the chatbot’s workflow so you can use it later on. If, for example, your chatbot’s purpose is to answer common customer queries, you can meet with your customer service team to show them your idea for a chatbot.Īsk them how they’d improve the language the chatbot will use and decide on the right tone to engage your users. Once you’ve decided the chatbot’s purpose, meet with the team the chatbot will be aiding. If you want your chatbot to thrive, it should be developed to fix a specific problem or aid in a specific task. It may seem obvious, but a common reason for a chatbot to fail is that it was created with a purpose too broad or too undefined to be effective. Here’s how to create a chatbot that will guarantee an immediate answer to your website users: Step 1. Most users want answers to their questions as soon as they engage with your website. How to Quickly Create a Chatbot for Your Website ![]() The best software to create chatbots without codingīy the end of the article, you’ll know exactly how to create the chatbots you need, to make sure your customer service team is as productive as it can be. ![]() How to create a chatbot for social media.How to create a chatbot for your website.In this article, we’ll go through the basics, like: Chatbots engage with your audience 24/7 and can be as simple or as complicated as you need them to be.ĭon’t have coding skills? No problem! There are tools like the Messagely chatbot software that will allow you to create chatbots easily and in minutes with no required coding skills. If you want to take your customer service to the next level, you need to know how to make a chatbot. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Highland nails southern highlandsDeparting from Mittagong train station, this 20km loop passes the quarry, Lake Alexandra and Gibbergunyah Creek Gorge. The Southern Highlands Three Peaks Walk does exactly what its name says and that’s to climb three peaks: Mount Alexandra, Mount Gibraltar and Ninety Acre hill. ![]() Then, at Yean Street, you can go off-road and along the beautiful Wingecarribee River. The first part combines the best of Bowral, obviously, mostly over flat terrain and takes in the scenic parts of the town along mostly residential streets. The Best of Bowral and Bong Bong Track is a 26 km-long shared walking and cycling path. Above ground, you will find bush walks and even a limestone gorge where summer swims are pretty special. Underground passages and caverns feature striking and delicate formations that you can see on a tour or on your own at Fig Tree Cave. These limestone caves are so ancient that dinosaurs weren’t even around when they were formed. It’s award-winning and the perfect place to begin any adventure.Īnother must-see is Wombeyan Caves. ![]() Make sure you pop into the visitor center, too. It cost $4 to park the car but it’s well worth it for any venture into Morton National Park. The waterfall is stunning and the surrounding area offers up spellbinding views and glorious nature. If there was only one thing to do in the Southern Highlands, it could very well be walk, walk and walk and we wouldn’t complain.Ī visit to Fitzroy Falls, home to the region’s most visited attraction is a must thing to do in the Southern Highlands. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Netflix subtitles on by defaultLook for the speech bubble icon or the “Subtitles” option and tap on it.While the video is playing, tap on the screen to reveal the playback controls.Select the profile on which you want to customize the subtitle size.Launch the Netflix app and sign in to your account.If you don’t already have it, you can download it from your device’s app store. First, ensure that you have the Netflix app installed on your mobile device.Here’s how you can make subtitles smaller using the Netflix app on a mobile device: If you predominantly watch Netflix on your smartphone or tablet, you’ll be pleased to know that the Netflix app provides options to customize subtitle settings, including their size. Method 3: Using the Netflix app on a mobile device Now that you know how to utilize browser extensions or add-ons to make subtitles smaller on Netflix, it’s time to explore another method: using the Netflix app on a mobile device. However, keep in mind that the availability and functionality of these extensions may vary depending on your browser and the version you are using. Save your changes, refresh the page if necessary, and start enjoying your Netflix videos with smaller subtitles.īrowser extensions or add-ons for Netflix not only let you resize subtitles but also offer additional features like customizing the video playback quality, adding shortcuts, and more.Drag the slider or select a smaller size to decrease the subtitles’ font size. ![]() It may be labeled as “Subtitle size” or something similar. Within the extension’s settings, you should find an option to adjust the subtitle size.Click on it to access the extension’s settings. Look for the extension’s icon or options within your browser’s toolbar or menu.Once the extension is installed, open Netflix and start playing a video.Choose the extension that suits your needs and click on the “Add” or “Install” button to install it in your browser.Some popular options include “Super Netflix” for Chrome or “Netflix Enhancer” for Firefox. Search for Netflix subtitle extensions or add-ons.Open your preferred web browser (such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox) and go to the extension or add-on store.Here’s how you can make subtitles smaller using browser extensions: These tools allow you to customize various aspects of your Netflix viewing experience, including the size of the subtitles. If you’re looking for more flexibility and control over your Netflix subtitle size, using browser extensions or add-ons can be a great solution. ![]() Method 2: Using browser extensions or add-ons for Netflix Now that you know how to modify the subtitle appearance settings, let’s explore another method to make subtitles smaller on Netflix. ![]() Therefore, if you prefer different subtitle sizes on multiple devices or profiles, you’ll need to adjust the settings accordingly for each.īy adjusting the subtitle appearance settings on Netflix, you can make sure that the subtitles are displayed in a smaller and more comfortable size for your viewing experience. It’s worth noting that these changes will apply to all devices and platforms on which you watch Netflix using your account.
![]() ![]() For tablets and phones, you’ll have to download and install the Google Home app onto the device and follow the steps to connect the devices. Plug the device into your TV and connect it to another device, like a phone, tablet, or computer.Once you’ve set the device up, you can stream Kodi to your TV through another device, like a phone, tablet, or computer.įollow these simple steps to set up Chromecast on your Samsung TV and stream Kodi. It works by allowing you to mirror other devices onto your TV. Chromecast is a small device that you plug into your TV’s HDMI port and is probably the most popular device of its kind. Our first solution is using a Google Chromecast device. What About Amazon Fire Stick and PlayStation?.Furthermore, bear in mind that a VPN helps secure your devices so you can watch, listen, and download without having to worry about someone snooping on your network.Īs our highest-rated VPN provider, we recommend downloading and installing ExpressVPN before you start customizing Kodi. If you’re looking to watch BBC iPlayer, for instance, and you’re not in the UK, you’re going to have a hard time logging in.įortunately, most VPNs (virtual private networks) are Kodi-compatible, meaning all you have to do is connect to a VPN location in the area where you want to stream, and everything should work fine. Unfortunately, not every add-on may be available in your region. Instead, as we’ve mentioned, users need to navigate through a growing list of add-ons before they’re able to watch content. To get even more from the software, check out our guide to the best streaming boxes for KodiĮven though Kodi gives you the option to stream, it doesn’t provide the content.From Spotify to YouTube and virtually everything in between, you can take advantage of hundreds of free add-ons to help give your Kodi service more versatility. It's certainly well worth investigating the many plugins that give the software's interface a new look. ![]() ![]() But it shouldn’t take too long to get used to how things work, and it’s worth the effort. The sheer number of add-ons can be overwhelming, and it may take you a while to find the best ones to enhance your experience. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Google hangouts not opening![]() Could it be a problem with the most recent RME driver, or a new version of Chrome and/or Google Talk plugin? So weird. I've done Hangouts and Belive.Tv in the past with my current setup without issues. I posted a message to the Chrome forums, but didn't hear back, and since the issue also occurs in Safari, I don't think it's only a Chrome problem.Īlso, it's worth pointing out that I'm virtually certain this is a new issue. I have no idea what to try next, so hoping someone here might have an idea. In the midst of the major press blitz surrounding its annual I/O Conference, Google dropped some unfortunate news about its instant messaging plans. Note that the mic/input going through the RME works just fine. Google Abandons Open Standards for Instant Messaging. If you’ve recently noticed that these features are no. ![]() But then when I join the Hangout, I can't hear anything. Google has recently started shutting down the main functions of its Hangouts service, namely its messaging and voice calling features. Click on the 'Hangouts' icon, which is represented by a quotation mark at the bottom left of the screen. It works watching YouTube videos or listening to audio streams in Chrome and Safari, so I know it's not a browser-wide issue.Įven more strangely, in Google Hangouts before I start the handout when I click the "gear" icon and configure the audio settings to use the RME, and click the "play a test sound" link, I can hear the test sound through my headphones plugged into the RME. The audio output through RME works just fine in Garage Band, Skype, Zoom, and other applications so it's not a hardware problem. Tip: If you want to adjust the call window: To move the call to a new tab, click Move to a tab. Add a comment -2 Go to Settings > Apps > swipe right to 'All' > click the menu button of 3 vertical dots > click on 'Reset app preferences'. Sign in to Google Chat or your Gmail account. This happens on both my iMac and my Macbook Pro, and I even did a fresh installation of High Sierra on my iMac over the weekend, to no avail. Hangouts app Google Services Google Play Store Share. When using Google Hangouts and a couple of similar services (, for example) in both Chrome and Safari, audio output through the RME Babyface Pro doesn't work. You can visit the Help Center for more information on the differences between Chat and Hangouts, the migration timelines, and why we recommend downloading your Hangouts data.I'm having a frustrating problem that I can't figure out. notopen notworking notopeningIn this video, i will show you how to Fix Hangouts App Not Working Hangouts Not Opening Problem in Android & ios. However, we encourage users who wish to keep a copy of their Hangouts data to use Google Takeout to download their data before Hangouts is no longer available in November 2022 by following these instructions. Users will see an in-product notice at least a month before Hangouts on the web starts redirecting to Chat on the web.įor most people, conversations are automatically migrated from Hangouts to Chat, so it’s easy to pick up where you left off. ![]() You can also reset your router 1-88 to resolve Google Hangouts or web page connectivity issues. Open another page in your browser and make sure the problem is really in your browser or Hangouts. ![]() First, check your internet connection to make sure it is working properly. While we encourage everyone to make the switch to Chat, Hangouts on the web will continue to be available until later this year. Things to make sure correct if Google Hangouts Not Working. At the top right of Google Chrome, click Customize. At the top right of Google Chrome, in the URL bar, click Install Install. Tip: This pop-up window might appear shortly after you first use Google Chat. Next to Chat position, select Left side of the inbox or Right side of the inbox. To install the app on your computer, try one of these methods: If the app isnt already installed, a pop-up window opens to download the app. At the top right, click Settings See all settings. In your meeting, click More options Settings Captions. In July, people who use Hangouts in Gmail on the web will be upgraded to Chat in Gmail. You can move the Chat panel to the right or left side of your Gmail inbox. Russian to and from all languages (Beta) Important: To embed captions in the clip, if you record a meeting, select Record captions. Join the official community for Google Workspace administrators. Google Hangouts is available on, as a Chrome extension, and as a Windows app. You can use this free service for instant messaging, video chat, SMS and more. Similarly, people who use the Hangouts Chrome extension will be asked to move to Chat on the web or install the Chat web app. Hangouts is a communication platform developed by Google. First, starting today, people using Hangouts on mobile will see an in-app screen asking them to move to Chat in Gmail or the Chat app. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Catalepsy vs cataplexy![]() ![]() It is important to note that narcolepsy is actually quite uncommon in horses. Inherited components have been proposed in some breeds, so affected horses should not be bred. Since the underlying cause of narcolepsy is unknown, preventative measures have not been defined. There are safety and welfare implications for horses that exhibit repeated collapse. Horses usually regain control within minutes of an attack, but those that collapse frequently can suffer from knee, head, and face trauma. Reported results are variable and adverse effects can occur. The antidepressant drug imipramine may be given orally or by injection to treat narcolepsy. This usually requires a physical examination, along with laboratory tests based on the clinical signs and patient history. Other neurologic conditions, musculoskeletal, metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular causes, and sleep deprivation should be ruled out. Low levels of hypocretin-1 in the CSF are characteristic of sporadic (non-familial) cases of narcolepsy in humans and dogs, but this has not been established in horses. Hypocretins are produced in the hypothalamus of the brain and have important roles in regulating sleep and wakefulness. Video monitoring, accurate records of the horse’s sleep behavior, and evidence of wounds on the fetlocks, knees, and face, can aid in diagnosis.Īffected horses may show decreased levels of the hormone hypocretin-1 in samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). ![]() ![]() The administration of drugs such as atropine and physostigmine salicylate can induce narcoleptic episodes in affected horses. Cataplexy is the best diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy, but narcolepsy can also occur without cataplexy. Narcolepsy can be challenging to diagnose and there are currently no established criteria for definitive diagnosis. They may exhibit swaying and frequent stumbling. Affected horses may be observed to frequently rest their heads or hindquarters on fences or other objects. What are the clinical signs of narcolepsy?Ĭlinical signs of narcolepsy can range from lowering of the head to buckling of the knees and sometimes sudden collapse. The exact cause of narcolepsy in horses is unknown. Horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) have been reported to exhibit narcolepsy-like episodes. Sporadic cases have also been noted in other breeds. In horses, narcolepsy appears to be breed specific, with familial narcolepsy reported in Lipizzaners, Miniature Horses, Shetland ponies, and Suffolks. Narcolepsy in horses is broadly categorized into two groups: onset at birth or within a few weeks of age, and adult onset. Affected animals may also exhibit a temporary lack of muscle tone and reflexes (cataplexy) that can be caused by stimuli such as sounds, feeding time, saddling, leading, and other environmental triggers. These episodes often occur during periods of inactivity. It results in excessive sleepiness during the day and “attacks” of sleep that are accompanied by rapid eye movements. Narcolepsy is a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disorder. Sleep disorders have been reported in many mammalian species, but are generally rare and not well understood. Episodes that look like narcolepsy are often the result of sleep deprivation. The exact cause of narcolepsy in horses is unknown and there is no cure.Familial narcolepsy has been reported in some breeds, with sporadic cases noted in other breeds.Horses with narcolepsy may exhibit a temporary lack of muscle tone and reflexes (cataplexy).Narcolepsy is a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disorder that results in excessive sleepiness during the day and “attacks” of sleep that are accompanied by rapid eye movements and always triggered by external stimuli such as environmental sounds, being startled, new situations, play, feeding, or stressful events. |
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